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ZIMS Glossary (French)                  6 September 2004

This is a working document containing terms that are used by the ZIMS teams, and within ZIMS. The document is constantly being updated, with new terms being added, and the definitions being discussed and "approved" by the ZIMS community. As the definitions are agreed upon, they will be translated into multiple languages, with all translations being contained in this document. To date we have translators for Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. Descriptions that have not yet been translated will be shown in English.

 

Term Description Listserve Approval Date
Acceptance testing See User acceptance testing 20/07/04
Accession (Accession / Entrée) L’action d’ajouter un individu ou un groupe dans l’inventaire, ce qui signifie créer un enregistrement pour l’individu ou le groupe dans la base de données ZIMS. Si un individu ou un groupe est transféré d’un établissement à un autre, il s’agit d’un transfert entre établissements, non pas d’une nouvelle entrée. 05/07/04
Accession date The date a specimen is born at the institution or the institution gains legal title to that specimen (usually the date the specimen arrives at the institution).
 
Accession number (see also lifetime/global/permanent ID) A unique number assigned to an individual animal for identification purposes.
 
Accuracy (Exactitude) Absence d’erreur : précision. Conformité aux faits ou à des valeurs standards reconnues et établies. Dans les objectifs du projet ZIMS, les données sont supposées être exactes quand elles sont soit entrées par l’utilisateur, soit obtenues par l’interface d’autres systèmes, soit fournies par d’autres sources de données externes qualifiées et dans tous les cas, les données sont conformes aux critères d’exactitude établis par ZIMS. 12/07/04
Acquisition (Acquisition) L’action d’acquérir la propriété physique, légale et/ou de la gestion gouvernementale d’un individu ou d’un groupe. 12/07/04
Active medical record (Enregistrement médical actif) La/les donnée(s) médicale(s) qui est/sont au moment même en cours de modification, entrées ou mises à jour. 12/07/04
Active problem/chief complaint A complaint, clinical sign or diagnosis that has a starting point, but is not yet resolved.
 
Activity (Activité) Un évènement concret ou planifié, destiné à être associé à un individu, un groupe ou une entité physique ayant rapport à la collection animale. 20/07/04
Activity scheduling (calendar) The system that maintains the list of activities scheduled for a specific date and/or time and provides notification to appropriate staff.
 
Actor (Acteur) Son rôle est joué par une personne extérieure, un processus ou un élément interagissant avec un système. Exemples : planificateur, opérateur de saisie, inspecteur. UN acteur est un utilisateur, un autre système ou un élément quelconque hors du système (ZIMS), qui interagit avec le système pour terminer une tâche. Un acteur n’est pas une description d’une fiche de poste. 12/07/04
Ad hoc query (Question ad hoc) Une demande improvisée, et souvent impromptue, d’information provenant de la base de données. Au sein des fonctionnalités de l’outil question ad hoc, l’utilisateur peut définir comment les données sont filtrées et l’ordre dans lequel elles sont présentées. Les résultats peuvent être présentés sous forme d’une vue éditable à l’écran, qui permet à l’utilisateur de cliquer sur des liens pour se concentrer sur des données plus détaillées, d’une nouvelle base de données ou fichier de données qui pourront être utilisées pour des analyses ultérieures, ou encore sous forme d’un rapport imprimé. 12/07/04
Alternative flow (Déroulement alternatif) Liste des étapes accomplies sous certaines conditions (autres que les conditions normales attendues), qui peuvent avoir lieu pendant une activité. 14/07/04
Analgesia Loss of sensation to superficial or deep pain. Analgesia may be restricted to a particular part of the body (local analgesia)
 
Anesthesia (Anesthésie) Un état induit chimiquement, dans lequel il y a une perte de réponse aux souffrances superficielles ou profondes et un manque évident de réaction aux stimuli visuels, olfactifs, auditifs, tactiles ou autres, qui devraient normalement provoquer une réponse. 05/07/04
Animal management authority An organization or person providing guidance or direction on issues such as breeding and relocation. This may or may not be either the owner or the holding facility.
 
Authority table (domain/reference/control) A set of value choices used to maintain data integrity, contains full name and reference information, even if the lookup value is abbreviated.
 
Basic flow (Déroulement de base) Liste des actions réalisées pour aboutir aux objectifs d’une activité, sous des conditions normales, bien souvent espérées. Les étapes décrivent chaque action, non pas la façon de l’accomplir. 14/07/04
Binomial The combination of two names, the first being a generic name and the second a specific name, that together constitute the scientific name of a species e.g.: Haliaeetus leucogaster Haliaeetus vocifer Haliaeetus leucoryphus
 
Biomaterial Sample obtained from an animal specimen.
 
Birth (Naissance) L’évènement d’être né, pour des animaux vivipares ou ovovivipares. Date à partir de laquelle l’âge est calculé chez les animaux qui mettent bas. Ce terme peut inclure les avortements, les animaux mort-nés et les naissances prématurées. Elle peut être considérée comme l’un des évènements ou transitions entre les stades de vie pour ces taxons. 12/07/04
Birth date The date an individual is born. The date from which age is calculated in animals that give birth. Note for marsupials, this is not the date of pouch emergence, but the actual or estimated date of birth.
 
Body condition score (Note de condition physique) Elle décrit l’évaluation subjective de l’importance de la masse musculaire et des réserves lipidiques en comparant à un optimum/idéal, sur une échelle de 1 à 9. NCP sera une abréviation acceptable pour la Note de Condition Physique. 21/06/04
Business The activities associated with running a zoo or aquarium. Business in the context of ZIMS does not refer to commercial activities.
 
Business activity (use case) (Activité commerciale (cas pratique)) Actions ou processus dans une fonction commerciale. Les cas pratiques commerciaux sont effectués à ce niveau. Les activités commerciales devraient être distinctes, activités logiquement séparées, qui aboutissent à un résultat significatif de la valeur commerciale pour les participants. 14/07/04
Business function The highest level business function e.g. functional areas or areas of responsibility. Business functions drive the design of the use cases.
 
Business party A business party is a uniquely identified institution. When animals are permanently moved, a business transaction identifies the animal(s) and the business parties effected.
 
Business rule A pre-requisite, condition or process that must be in place or occur during an activity to achieve expected results. 12/07/04
Business use case Describes the interaction between the people, departments and organizations within the ZIMS user community. There is no mention of technology since these use cases are focused on business operations. The focus of the business use cases is to highlight how the organizations that are part of the ZIMS user community interact - currently and in future. 09/07/04
Captive management plan A regional or institutional plan for the management of a species in captivity. The plan is normally updated on a regular (yearly) basis, and may include specimen level recommendations for breeding-related activities, eg pairing or separation with or from
 
Case Opinions, diagnosis, procedures, treatment of an animal.
 
Census (Recensement) Un bilan du dénombrement total de la collection à une date précise. Un recensement peut concerner un taxon seul, une famille, un ordre etc., ou une collection entière. 06/07/04
Character A symbol that requires a single space in an ID number or data field and is not treated as a numeral; letters, blank spaces and graphics may all be used as characters; usually refers to a keyboard symbol.
 
Clinical note
 
 
Clone An individual derived by asexual reproduction from a single ancestor; one of a population of genetically identical individuals.
 
Collection plan A regional or institutional plan referring to the proposed changes to an institution’s inventory over a given time period, eg documentation of an institution’s current collection (inventory), its planned inventory, and details about how it proposes to progressfrom its current inventory to its planned inventory.
 
Colony A community of individuals (especially corals, social insects such as ants, bees etc.), or a cluster or aggregation of a compound animal such as corals etc. The number of individuals in a colony generally cannot be determined.
 
Common name flip Alternative ways of searching for common names e.g. Lion, African vs. African lion.
 
Concentration Amount of active agent per measurement unit (mg/ml).
 
Constraint (Contrainte) Une condition qui va affecter l’étape initiale ou la réussite de l’exécution d’un cas pratique ou d’une activité. Les contraintes sont des facteurs limitant qui définissent les contours des cas pratiques ou de l’activité et représentent les conditions en cours, non pas un état à un moment précis dans le temps. 14/07/04
Construction phase The third stage of the development process. The developers will begin to acquire and install necessary hardware, operational software (e.g. the operating system) and any network connectivity. They will develop the required documentation and develop detailed plans for training, deployment and User Acceptance Testing. 09/07/04
Contraception (Contraception) Un acte de gestion ou une procédure / un traitement médical qui évite la reproduction. Ce terme peut inclure un traitement chimique ou un remaniement chirurgical de l’appareil reproducteur et peut être temporaire ou permanent. La séparation physique des animaux n’est pas considérée comme étant une contraception. 05/07/04
Controlled drug
 
 
CT scan - Computed Tomography imaging Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, also known as "CAT scanning" (Computed Axial Tomography), combines the use of a digital computer together with a rotating x-ray device to create detailed cross sectional images or "slices" of the different organs and body parts such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, pelvis, extremities, brain, spine, and blood vessels.
 
Dam (Génitrice) Le parent féminin biologique. Plusieurs génitrices peuvent être enregistrées pour un animal, si une seule femelle ne peut pas être déterminée au sein d’un nombre limité de possibilités. La génitrice peut aussi être sauvage ou totalement inconnue, par exemple dans les données historiques. 15/08/04
Data field An individual data item in a record within a database file; a group of adjacent characters (e.g. accession number, birth date, sex, ID numbers) all occupy a field; all entries in a specific field convey the same type of information.
 
Data standard Data standards define the structure, content, and values that collection information comprises. Data structure concerns what constitutes a record, such as the different fields used to record information and their relationships.
 
Data warehouse Generally refers to the combination of many different databases across an entire enterprise. Data from the production databases are copied to the data warehouse so that queries can be performed without disturbing the performance or the stability of the production systems.
 
Deaccession (Désactivation) NOTE : ne pas utiliser ce terme – les individus et les groupes ne sont pas désactivés dans ZIMS. 20/07/04
Deliverable A measurable result or output of a process able to be provided, especially as a product of a development process. ZIMS deliverables include document templates and application prototypes.
 
Dispense To deal out in portions; to distribute; to give; as, the steward dispenses provisions according to directions.
 
Disposition (Disposition) L’acte de documenter un changement sur : la possession physique, la propriété légale, et/ou la responsabilité de la gestion gouvernementale d’un individu ou d’un groupe. Il peut s’agir d’un transfert physique, transfert de titre, disparition, fuite, etc. 20/07/04
Dosage Amount based on a weight or body measure (mg/kg, g/kg).
 
Dose Total amount (mg, g).
 
Drug Any substance used in the composition of medicines.
 
Echocardiography Echocardiography is a diagnostic test, which uses ultrasound waves to make images of the heart chambers, valves and surrounding structures.
 
Elaboration phase The second phase of Rational Unified Process (RUP) software development methodology. This stage is important to the RUP because it is here that developers analyze the risks associated with changing the scope of the project or adding new technologies along the way. 09/07/04
Electrocardiography The making of graphic records of the variations in electrical potential caused by electrical activity of the heart muscle and detected at the body surface, as a method for studying the action of the heart muscle.
 
Enclosure (Enclos) Un lieu qui limite physiquement un ou plusieurs animaux. Exemples : aquarium, volière, étang. Idéalement, chaque enclos devrait avoir un code unique et/ou un nom/une description qui lui est associé, à but d’identification. 20/07/04
Enclosure system The system by which an institution organizes the enclosures within its facility. These are often structured in hierarchical groups.
 
Endoscopy The visual inspection of any cavity of the body by means of an endoscope.
 
Entity 1) Synonym for Entity Type or Entity Set - that is the set of all possible instances of an object e.g. the set of all animals, set of all persons employed at an institution, the set of all institutions. This usage is the most common but is not strictly correct (see 2). This is the meaning in the ZIMS documentation. In the data model diagrams it is represented by a rectangle (with square or rounded corners). Each member of an Entity Type is identified by a unique value in the Primary Key. 2) An instance of an entity type e.g. a particular animal in the Animal Entity Type. Because of the common use of definition 1) for Entity, it is safer to use Entity Instance to refer to a particular instance.
 
Episode
 
 
Event
 
 
Exam This is a visual or hands-on evaluation of an animal by a Veterinarian or Veterinary Technician.
 
Extensible The ability to easily add more functionality or incorporate new technologies. Able to be extended or expanded. Extensible programming languages allow the programmer to customize: to add new functions and modify the behaviour of existing functions or data types.
 
External transfer An event that changes an individual or group’s legal and/or physical status in a collection, eg. sale, trade, purchase, loan, title transfer etc. The term that defines a change in state of an individual, group or colony, which alters their legal and/or physical status. A physical transaction involves movement between collections, while a legal transaction involves a change in legal title (or ownership) e.g.. sale, trade, loan (in or out), title transfer, etc. 20/07/04
Extinction (of a group) Set the official count of a group to zero and prevent any further transactions for the group. Once the number of individuals in a group has reached zero, any new specimens of the same taxon should be considered as a new group, and accordingly, should have
 
Extraction (from a group) Removal and accession of an individual specimen from an existing group of animals.
 
Failed post-condition An expected result, condition (state at a point in time) or event after unsuccessful completion of the activity. 14/07/04
Final diagnosis
 
 
First recordable event
 
 
Fission Asexual reproduction by a division of the cell or body into two or more parts of roughly equal size.
 
Fledge date (Date d’envol) La date à laquelle un oiseau prend son envol pour la première fois, ou, dans le cas d’oiseaux volant peu ou pas et nidifuge, la date à laquelle ils quittent le nid pour la première fois. 30/07/04
Fledgling A young bird which has acquired feathers for flight.
 
Fluoroscopy An X-ray procedure that makes it possible to see internal organs in motion.
 
Formulary External reference that details drug information, drug dosage (class related), drug interactions, contra-indications and formulations of drug available.
 
Formulation The drug form (tablet, capsule, suspension, liquid, injection) and concentration of each.
 
Founder (Fondateur) Un individu (souvent d’origine sauvage), qui est considéré être uniquement apparenté à ses descendants vivants directs, dans la population vivante spécifiée, et, supposé être complètement hétérogène à la population actuelle (ce qui signifie non consanguin). Il est supposé que les fondateurs ne sont pas liés les uns aux autres. 20/07/04
Functional requirement A description of users’ needs (business functions) for how users will interact with the system (ZIMS). They also describe the business rules that must be applied and enforced by the system. The complete set of functional requirements will document the total needs of the system. This may include examples and/or workflow diagrams. They define the scope, boundaries and external interfaces, based on the business requirements.
 
Functional standard Provide documentation for standards around a process that are not related to a specific data standard. They are not necessarily related to a specific data standard, but may be related to multiple data standards. Functional standards are attached to a concept, eg group management and accessioning.
 
Functionality The capabilities or behaviours of a program, part of a program, or system, seen as the sum of its features. Approximates to, "the things it can do".
 
Generic name (drug) A misnomer for nonproprietary drug name.
 
Gestation In mammals, the act of retaining and nourishing the young in the uterus; pregnancy
 
Goal The result or achievement toward which effort is directed. For purposes of the ZIMS Project, a qualitative statement of direction regarding a benefit to a stakeholder as a result of developing the system.
 
Group 1. Two or more individuals with a shared physical environment where management decisions affect all individuals. A group may be classified for example by age, gender, or social group. Individual specimens within the group may or may not be recognizable as individuals. 2. Specimens of the same species, housed together; these specimens are often either not individually marked or readily distinguishable from other individuals in the group
 
Hatch (Éclosion) La sortie d’un oeuf pour les animaux ovipares. Date depuis laquelle l’âge est calculé chez les animaux qui pondent. Elle peut être considérée comme l’un des stades de vie pour ces taxons. 12/07/04
Herd A group of animals, typically ungulates, that congregates or are housed together.
 
Hermaphrodite An organism with both male and female functional reproductive organs; may or may not be self-fertilizing
 
History Complete record of a specimen listed by date.
 
Holding institution (Etablissement détenteur) L’établissement ou la personne qui a la possession physique d’un individu ou d’un groupe. 15/08/04
Hybrid (Hybride) Un descendant issu du croisement de 2 sous-espèces, espèces ou genres différents. 15/08/04
Identifier (Identifiant) Les moyens par lesquels un individu ou un groupe est différencié d’autres individus ou groupes de la même espèce. Il peut s’agir d’une entité physique, par exemples : plaquette d’identification, bague, tatouage, transpondeur, boucle d’oreille, ou d’un descripteur utilisé pour associer un individu ou un groupe avec les données, par exemples : ID local, prénom, numéro de studbook. 15/08/04
Imaging Radiological production of a clinical image using X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, radionuclide scanning, thermography, etc.; especially, cross-sectional imaging, such as ultrasonography, CT, or MRI.
 
Immersion
 
 
Immobilization Sternal/lateral recumbency after receiving a dose of an anesthetic drug.
 
Inception phase The first phase of Rational Unified Process (RUP) software development methodology. The developers will review and establish the scope and extent of the work, the procedures and processes to be followed, the tools to be used and the management infrastructure for the ZIMS Project. These items will be detailed in a Project Management Plan. 09/07/04
Included use case A business use case that documents additional steps during an activity. Included use cases are used to document complex or common activities. 20/07/04
Individual (Individu) Un organisme seul, séparé et significativement distinct des autres du même genre. 15/08/04
Infusion/ insertion (to a group) * We may need a more appropriate term here. The process of adding an individually accessioned specimen to an existing group of animals. During this process, the individual may or may not loose its individual identity.
 
Institution *We may need another word to define with whom we work.
 
Integrity For purposes of the ZIMS Project, calculations, data entry and data manipulation are performed correctly and consistently.
 
Inventory List of taxa and the total count of each as of a certain date. It can be summarized or detailed. (In ARKS, we generally refer to an inventory as a report detailing the changes in the collection count over a given period of time - should we be using a different title for this?)
 
Iteration 1)The RUP model for application development, used in ZIMS, employs an iterative form of development i.e. the functionality of a system is delivered in a successive series of releases of increasing completeness. Thus in RUP, an iteration is a release of the application developed in a specific time period.
 
JAD (DCA) DCA signifie Développement Commun de l’Application. Le DCA est un processus de conception de la définition des besoins, dans lequel les distributeurs, les experts dans chaque domaine, les utilisateurs finaux et les programmeurs participent à d’intenses réunions permettant de mettre au point les détails du logiciel. 09/07/04
Job title Names applied to various positions within institutions (eg. Curator, veterinarian, keeper, etc.) Example of data recorder: registrar, veterinarian, intern.
 
Legal status Possessing legal ownership, physical possesion or governmental management title to an individual or group.
 
Life stage (Stades de vie) Les étapes ou évènements principaux définissables, par lesquels un individu ou un groupe progresse, de la conception jusqu’à la mort. Naissance et décès sont considérés comme des évènements, mais pas comme des stades de vie. 15/08/04
Lifetime/global/permanent ID (see also accession number) A single, unique identification number that will be used within ZIMS to identify every individual or group. This identification number may or may not be shown on screens and in reports.
 
Localization Allows the representation of data such as time or date, currency, time zone handling, and data sort sequence, to be customized via the operating system, to suit regional preferences.
 
Managed species A taxonomic classification that is locally, nationally, or globally managed on a genetic planning basis.
 
Management group Individuals that may or may not be in the same physical space. Decisions are made based on the collective group.
 
Management plan
 
 
Management set One or more individuals, groups and/or enclosures, to which management activities can be performed. All individuals and groups within the management set will inherit the activities that are assigned to the completed management set.
 
Management transaction Any change in animal status. Examples: physical move internal, physical move external, medical procedure, accession, legal ownership change.
 
Manager (of data) A manager is one of the actors in ZIMS. A manager is responsible for the overall accuracy, setup, performance and resource allocation of the application. Examples: setting limits on the dispensation of drugs, or assigning responsibility for a set of species or enclosures, ensuring that processes are followed, and in the case of tasks that are late or overdue, re-assigning the work to other qualified individuals.
 
Metabolic scaling
 
 
Methodology A body of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline: a particular procedure or set of procedures. The basic approach providing the basis for a strong logical and a consistent work structure for any assignment
 
Metric A standard of measurement
 
Monotypic A taxonomic division that has only one sub-division (e.g., a family with one genus). Examples of monotypic species (no subspecies identified): Haliaeetus leucogaster Haliaeetus vocifer Haliaeetus leucoryphus
 
Morphological data Measurements of the forms or structures of an organism for example weights and lengths.
 
MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging A special imaging technique used to image internal structures of the body, particularly the soft tissues. An MRI image is often superior to a normal X-ray image.
 
Non-functional requirement Describes required standards and capabilities that a system must implement that do not directly relate to functions e.g. legal, language and system performance requirements, operating environment and system security.
 
Nuclear scan A nuclear scan that images the adrenal glands after a radioactive tracer is injected into the bloodstream.
 
Objective For purposes of the ZIMS Project, a quantitatively measurable indicator of progress related to a goal.
 
Oviparous Egg laying; unfertilized or fertilized eggs are released by the female; embryonic development and hatching take place outside the maternal body
 
Ovoviviparous Eggs are retained and hatch in the female; hatchlings emerge from the mother as live births.
 
Owner The institution or person which has legal title to the physical animal.
 
Parthenogenesis Process in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual; common among insects and some other arthropods.
 
Parturition In viviparous animals, the act of bringing forth young
 
Pedigree A "family tree" including ancestors and descendants.
 
Performer A performer is one of the actors in ZIMS. Responsible for carrying out various actions or activities. Examples of institutional job descriptions that might be performers are: curator, keeper, veterinarian etc.
 
Pharmacy A place where drugs are stored, compounded, and dispensed.
 
Photographic images
 
 
Physical animal The actual biological specimen which much of our data refers to.
 
Physiological data Biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
 
Pip To crack or break through, as an eggshell, during the process of hatching.
 
Planner A planner is one of the actors in ZIMS. Responsible for initiating various actions or activities. Examples of institutional job descriptions that might be planners are: curator, director, veterinarian etc.
 
Potential founder (Fondateur potentiel) Un individu (souvent d’origine sauvage) qui est capable de reproduction et qui n’est pas apparenté à la population spécifiée. 15/08/04
Precocial Advanced developmental state at birth or hatching; eyes and ears open, capable of independent locomotion, thermoregulation, and excretion without assistance (e.g. ducks and grazing mammals).
 
Pre-condition A result, condition (state at a point in time) or event that must exist or occur prior to the activity. The condition does not trigger the activity. 20/07/04
Premature birth Birth of a fetus before full term.
 
Prescription A written direction for the preparation and administration of a remedy.
 
Primary actor Role(s) that performs most of the steps of the activity. 20/07/04
Problem (medical) Anything that interferes with patient's well-being. Further diagnostics and/or therapeutics may be planned.
 
Problem list A summary of what happens to an animal in a medical sense, and usually consists of one word, or a few words, which define or describe the problem. A problem typically would be the same as a diagnosis. Also included in a problem list are a date for when the problem started, and a date for when the problem resolved. 12/07/04
Procedure Medical activity that that involves physical contact with an animal.
 
Process An activity or function which is an action within the system.
 
Protocol A standard plan of action for a given activity.
 
Provenance A geographic reference, either a point or a place. The place of capture, of a single or group of wild-caught specimens.
 
Provenanced population A group of individuals all caught in the same locality or descended from those caught there, and intended to be managed as a unit
 
Radiography The making of film records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body by passage of X-rays or gamma rays through the body to act on specially sensitized film.
 
Rational Unified Process A software development methodology, often referred to as RUP. RUP organizes the development of software into four phases (Inception, Elaboration, Construction and Transition), each consisting of one or more executable iterations of the software at that stage of development.
 
Reference-taxonomic
 
 
Reference-technical
 
 
Regulated species A taxonomic classification that is locally, nationally, or globally managed by the government.
 
Remedy Any medicine or application, which puts an end to disease and restores health.
 
Reporter A reporter is one of the potential actors in ZIMS. While reports are used by everyone, there is the potential for specialized roles here, where regulations require reports to 3rd party organizations.
 
Reports A series of pre-determined (canned) or ad-hoc extracts of data from the system. These include pre-determined reports that we are familiar with (eg specimen, taxon, inventory etc.), and other reports that can be configured on an as-needs basis by the user.
 
Reproductive management
 
 
Reviewer (of data) A reviewer is one of the actors in ZIMS. Responsible for ensuring that various data that have been entered into the system are factual. Examples of institutional job descriptions that might be reviewers are: registrar, curator, veterinarian, records officer etc.
 
Role Basically similar to an actor. Actors model roles, not positions. As actors tend to define roles, the word role is often used instead of actor to clarify the term.
 
RUP RUP stands for Rational Unified Process, a software development methodology. RUP organizes the development of software into four phases (Inception, Elaboration, Construction and Transition), each consisting of one or more executable iterations of the software at that stage of development. 09/07/04
Sample bank Catalog of animal samples (DNA, tissues, feathers, blood etc.). Samples may or may not involve some sort of veterinary procedure or purpose.
 
Scalable Able to be changed in size or configuration to suit changing conditions. For example, a scalable database can grow in the number of users it supports, in the number of records it stores, or in complexity.
 
Secondary actor Role(s) that performs one or more steps of an activity, but not in a primary role. 20/07/04
Sex (Sexe) Le sexe génétique (chromosomique et biologique) d’un animal. Il peut être enregistré comme mâle, femelle, anormal, hermaphrodite ou indéterminé. Le genre d’un animal ne peut changer au cours de sa vie que par l’intermédiaire de circonstances biologiques. 15/08/04
Sire (Géniteur) Le parent masculin biologique. Plusieurs géniteurs peuvent être enregistrés pour un animal, si un seul mâle ne peut pas être déterminé dans un nombre limité de possibilités. Le géniteur peut aussi être sauvage ou complètement inconnu, par exemple dans les données historiques. 15/08/04
Source *DO NOT USE THIS TERM
 
Special requirements Requirements related to the activity that are of a non-functional nature.
 
Species A taxonomic group whose individuals can interbreed.
 
Specimen An individual animal.
 
Stakeholder For purposes of the ZIMS Project, any person or constituency that has an interest in an activity or is a beneficiary of the activity, and who may also be actors. 20/07/04
Standard Something set up and established by authority as a rule for the measure of quantity, weight, extent, value, or quality
 
Step
 
 
Stillbirth The full-term birth of a dead fetus.
 
Studbook A subset of animals records of one taxonomy for a defined geographic area, typically a managed species.
 
Subspecies A subdivision of species, often a geographically distinct race and capable of reproducing with others of the same subspecies.
 
Success post-condition The expected result, condition (state at a point in time) or event after successful completion of the activity. 20/07/04
Synonym 1) In the IT world it is an alternate name for a table, or data item.
 
System The databases, graphical interface, data entry forms, reports etc. that combined form ZIMS.
 
System use case Describes the interaction between an actor or user and a system (ZIMS), or by the system itself to accomplish system functions. It provides the details of the actors achieving goals within a system (ZIMS). System use cases are technology focused. 09/07/2994
Taxa (plural of taxon)
 
Taxon Any taxonomic unit (e.g., a family, a genus, a species), whether named or not; a taxon includes its subordinate taxa and individuals, whether their names are regulated by the Code (e.g., species) or not (e.g., class). Animal or plant group having natural relations.
 
Taxonomy The theory and practice of classifying organisms; part of systematics, the study of the kinds and diversity of organisms. Classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin.
 
Taxonomy This is the classification of animals in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.
 
Therapy
 
 
Thermography Measurement of the regional temperature of the body or an organ by infrared sensing devices, based on self-emanating infrared radiation.
 
Title Legal ownership.
 
Trade name (drug) Trademarked proprietary preparations containing the generic substance.
 
Transaction management The definition is contingent on current perspectives. For the end user in the role of record keeper, it encompasses the range of activities required to record the transfer of a specimen. Regardless of the type of transfer made or the nature of the origin
 
Transition phase The fourth and final phase of Rational Unified Process (RUP) software development methodology. The developers will carry out detailed knowledge transfer and related activities, including documentation, application training and implementation of any required support processes. A vital aspect of the transition stage is user acceptance of the application, which will involve ISIS users thoroughly testing the application and ensuring that complete and accurate documentation and training materials are available. 09/07/04
Treatment An action, series of actions, or medication prescribed to alleviate a medical problem. Treatment may be delivered to an individual animal, a group of animals, or an enclosure. Examples: Medication, application of a splint.
 
Trigger Specifies a condition or event that initiates a use case or activity. The trigger precedes the first step of the use case - it is not the first step of the use case.
 
Trinomial The combination of a generic name, a specific name, and a subspecific name, that together constitute a scientific name of a subspecies. e.g.: Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus
 
UDF User Defined Field. A data field specified by the user for the collection of data not collected elsewhere.
 
Ultrasonography A technique in which high-frequency sound waves are bounced off internal organs and the echo pattern is converted into a two dimensional picture of the structures beneath the transducer.
 
Use case (Cas pratique) Il décrit un scénario dans lequel un acteur (utilisateur) interagit avec le système. Un cas pratique décrit ce que l’acteur fait, ce qui signifie les étapes accomplies, dans des situations normales et d’erreur, les conditions entourant la fonction, et le résultat. Les cas pratiques décrivent une série complète d’évènements sur un mode narratif et/ou par des organigrammes séquentiels. Ils aident les utilisateurs à préciser les besoins de leur mission, et, les concepteurs et programmeurs à comprendre les processus de travail et leurs objectifs et à concevoir le système. 12/07/04
Use case description A short description of the activity addressed by the use case, reflecting the actions, purpose, participants’ goals and outcome.
 
Use case frequency Indicates how often the activity addressed by the use case is performed.
 
Use case ID A unique identifier for each use case.
 
Use case priority The business priority of the activity addressed by the use case.
 
User acceptance testing The final phase in a software development process in which the software is given to the intended audience to be tested for functionality. Users provide feedback to make any final adjustments to the programming before releasing the product to the general ZIMS users.
 
User interface The screens, forms and dialogs that allow for interaction between a user and the application (ZIMS). The term User Interface is often abbreviated to UI, and is sometimes referred to as a graphical user interface, or GUI.
 
Vendor 1. Immediate past location or owner of animal or ultimate ownership of the animal. 2. any person or institution from which a specimen is acquired (i.e., by purchase, donation, trade, loan, etc.). This may include zoos and aquariums, private individuals, animal dealers, nature centres, government agencies (e.g., US Fish and Wildlife Service)
 
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Visit
 
 
Viviparous Type of reproduction in which eggs develop within the mother's body, with her nutritional aid; characteristic of mammals, many reptiles, and some fishes; offspring are born as juveniles.
 
Work process A series of tasks, activities, or events that lead to a particular result or outcome.
 
Workflow A graphical representation of all steps taken by an actor during a particular activity or task. In a use case, the steps from the basic and alternative flows are depicted. Also referred to as workflow diagrams. 20/07/04
Zoological community Zoos, aquariums, wildlife parks and other related institutions that house and/or display captive collections of animals.